Economies of Scale and Inefficiency in County Extension Councils: A Case for Consolidation?

Current funding, mission, and organizational difficulties question the long-run survival of extension and the Land–Grant system. Consolidation of county extension offices is seen as a possible remedy for extension's problems. This paper estimates scale economies and inefficiencies in county extension offices in Kansas using parametric and nonparametric techniques. Large economies of scale and inefficiencies are found. Based on the empirical results, several simulations are performed to measure the short-run cost savings associated with consolidation. The results reveal that while all counties would experience significant savings from consolidating, rural and less populated counties would experience the greatest per unit savings.     

土地整治项目资金管理研究综述

研究目的:阐述土地整治项目资金管理存在的主要问题、相关对策及研究展望.研究结果:(1)当前土地整治项目资金管理存在的主要问题有财务管理存在漏洞,审计监督不够到位等.(2)完善当前土地整治项目资金管理的对策主要有严格项目资金管理与监控,严格项目预算和合同管理等等.研究结论:通过对当前土地整治项目资金管理存在的问题及对策研究的综述,可以明确当前土地整治项目资金管理存在的各种问题,以及可采用的对策与建议.     

化工职业技术教学应积极实施应用性创新

面对人才资源市场优化配置和经济结构调整的实际,着眼发展,使化工职业技术教学走出传统教学体制,用生产人才,销售人才的方式理念,面向市场,将化工教学扩展到应用化工技术发展的前沿,预测储备师资,灵活开设专业,并采用研究式学习方式,注重应用实践,兼收前沿发展信息,培育适合市场需求的合格化工技术人才。     

Heterogeneous returns to chemical fertilizer at the intensive margins: Insights from Nepal

Increased fertilizer use is considered important for agricultural development in low-income countries. Promoting increased use of chemical fertilizer by lowering its price may be ineffective if demand is price inelastic. In theory, the price elasticity of demand depends on the returns to its use, but the evidence is scarce. Furthermore, while returns are often estimated for small changes in chemical fertilizer use, returns to larger changes in its use (intensive margins) are less understood. Through the inter-zonal comparisons in Nepal, we provide indicative evidence that greater returns to chemical fertilizer are associated with greater price elasticities of demand. Moreover, the evidence suggests that returns at the intensive margins, rather than returns to small changes, may largely account for inter-zonal differences in returns to chemical fertilizer within Nepal. The results suggest that better understanding the returns at the intensive margins is critical for effective agricultural inputs policies in developing countries.     

菱角壳的化学成分和药理活性研究进展

近年来对菱角壳的研究主要分为化学成分和药理活性研究两个方面,其中化学成分方面的研究可以概括为生物碱、酚酸类、萜类和甾体、多糖类、黄酮类5个方面;药理活性方面的研究可以概括为抗癌活性、抗氧化活性、降低α-葡萄糖苷酶活性、保肝护肝活性、抗菌活性5个方面。目前在化学成分方面的研究较弱,从研究结果来看,没食子酸及其衍生物是菱角壳的主要药用成分。最后就菱角壳的开发利用提出了几点建议。     

耕地质量影响因素区域差异分析及提升途径研究——以河南省新郑市为例

研究目的:分析研究影响耕地质量的主要障碍因素及其区域差异,明确不同区域耕地质量提升的主要途径和重点建设内容,以提高耕地质量提升工程建设的针对性和实效性。研究方法:相关分析法,主成分分析法,聚类分析法。研究结果:(1)土壤质地、有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾、灌溉率是影响耕地质量的主要因素,与粮食单产间均呈线性正相关关系,影响因素相互间也有影响,存在着显著的相关关系;(2)单产影响因素的重要性存在明显差异,其重要性序次为:灌溉率、速效磷、全氮、有机质、速效钾、土壤质地,重要性系数分别依次为0.188、0.179、0.173、0.167、0.156、0.136;(3)新郑市的耕地可划分为3种类型的整治区,不同类型区的耕地质量及其影响因素差异明显,丘岗地区的耕地质量最差,是农田整治的重点区,主要障碍因素是灌溉率低、土壤肥力差。研究结论:新郑市不同区域耕地质量提升的主要途径不同,丘岗地区和砂土平原区主要是提高农田灌溉率和培肥土壤,山前平原区主要是提高土壤磷肥肥力。     

Macroeconomic effects of structural reforms and fiscal consolidations: Trade-offs and complementarities

This paper studies the impact of product and labour market structural reforms and the effects of their joint implementation with alternative debt consolidation strategies. The set-up is a dynamic general equilibrium model calibrated for the Greek economy. The results show that structural reforms produce important long-run GDP gains that materialize earlier, the faster the reforms are implemented. When implemented jointly with fiscal consolidations, structural reforms may amplify the short-run costs of fiscal tightening. The GDP dynamics depend on the fiscal instrument used for public debt consolidation. In the long run, however, there are complementarity gains irrespective of the fiscal instrument used.     

重庆市土地整理项目过程后评价

通过借鉴一般性投资项目的后评价方法及内容,在分析重庆市的区域特性和进行区域划分的基础上,选取不同区域的项目作为研究对象,对典型研究项目进行过程后评价,以展现重庆市在土地整理实施过程中的成果与问题,为后续土地整理项目借鉴和参照。研究表明:项目的规划设计工作还有待加强,施工监管工作还有待进一步改善提高等。     

龙潭水库除险加固工程主坝地质条件及评价

本文主要对龙潭水库主坝工程地质条件进行分析,并对其稳定性做出评价,为指导除险加固工程提供一定的依据。通过对坝基的分析与评价,认为大坝坝基及两坝肩基岩较完整,渗透性微弱,水库运行未发现有明显绕渗现象,判定坝基及坝肩渗漏微小,对水库安全运行无影响。     

从羊草的螺旋扩张策略看企业的生存与发展

通过对羊草的生长过程观察,发现其生存策略为:巩固策略、扩张策略、占领策略、克隆区隔避险策略、有性繁殖避险策略,二八战术,建立了羊草螺旋扩张规律图。类比分析表明,严格按照羊草生存发展策略运行的企业,如海尔集团,阿里巴巴网络公司等都遵循螺旋扩张战略而得到了发展壮大;宝洁集团由于违背了克隆区隔避险策略造成了产品市场占有率的急剧下降,百年老企业王麻子盲目进行品牌延伸(盲目扩张),削弱消费者对"王麻子"品牌的忠诚维系,导致了最后以破产收场;曾经辉煌的巨人集团只进行扩展和占领,没有有效实施巩固和避险策略,造成企业分崩瓦解;因此羊草螺旋扩张战略对企业的生存和发展相关问题具有积极长远的指导意义。